PMID-19299613[0] Spinal cord stimulation restores locomotion in animal models of Parkinson's disease.
- Motivation: different levels of cortical oscillation during movement and rest (LFO decreased, medium-high freq increased); PD associated with abnormal synchronous corticostriatal oscillations.
- In epilepsy patients, stimulation of peripheral nerve afferents is effective in desychronizing low-frequency neural activity, reducing the frequency and duration of seizures (8,9,10) PMID-11050139[1] PMID-16886985[2] PMID-18188148[3]
- DCS (dorsal column stimulation)
- Epidural, longitudal electrodes, horizontal electrical field.
- Upper thoracic, mice.
- 300Hz.
- simpler and safer than brain surgery.
- [24] DCS induces no increase in arousal. (Wall, PD. Brain 1970; 93:505.
- used the tyrosine hydroxyalse inhibitor AMPT
- M1 LFP: Osc around 1.5-4Hz and 10-15Hz enhanced; osc > 25Hz subdued.
- DCS increased locomotion by 29x in depleted animals, and 4.9x in normal animals.
- Also titrated L-DOPA with DAT-KO mice. Without dopamine, there is no movement.
- DCS increased L-DOPA effectiveness by 5x (1/5 the dose was required)
- Verified in a 6-OHDA lesion model in rats.
- Lesioned animals moved more, sham moved less.
- Activation of locomotion is via striatal medium spiny neurons projecting to the output nuclei of the basal ganglia [26 PMID-8402406[4] ,27 PMID-1695404[5]].
- In PD, with reduced striatal dopamine levels, the activation threshold of the projection neurons from the striatum is significantly increased [25] PMID-17916382[6].
____References____
[0] Fuentes R, Petersson P, Siesser WB, Caron MG, Nicolelis MA, Spinal cord stimulation restores locomotion in animal models of Parkinson's disease.Science 323:5921, 1578-82 (2009 Mar 20) |
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