m8ta
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{1568} | |||||||||||||
Burst-dependent synaptic plasticity can coordinate learning in hierarchical circuits
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{1543} |
ref: -2019
tags: backprop neural networks deep learning coordinate descent alternating minimization
date: 07-21-2021 03:07 gmt
revision:1
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Beyond Backprop: Online Alternating Minimization with Auxiliary Variables
This is interesting in that the weight updates can be cone in parallel - perhaps more efficient - but you are still propagating errors backward, albeit via optimizing 'codes'. Given the vast infractructure devoted to auto-diff + backprop, I can't see this being adopted broadly. That said, the idea of alternating minimization (which is used eg for EM clustering) is powerful, and this paper does describe (though I didn't read it) how there are guarantees on the convexity of the alternating minimization. Likewise, the authors show how to improve the performance of the online / minibatch algorithm by keeping around memory variables, in the form of covariance matrices. | |||||||||||||
{1540} | |||||||||||||
Two Routes to Scalable Credit Assignment without Weight Symmetry This paper looks at five different learning rules, three purely local, and two non-local, to see if they can work as well as backprop in training a deep convolutional net on ImageNet. The local learning networks all feature forward weights W and backward weights B; the forward weights (+ nonlinearities) pass the information to lead to a classification; the backward weights pass the error, which is used to locally adjust the forward weights. Hence, each fake neuron has locally the forward activation, the backward error (or loss gradient), the forward weight, backward weight, and Hebbian terms thereof (e.g the outer product of the in-out vectors for both forward and backward passes). From these available variables, they construct the local learning rules:
Each of these serves as a "regularizer term" on the feedback weights, which governs their learning dynamics. In the case of backprop, the backward weights B are just the instantaneous transpose of the forward weights W. A good local learning rule approximates this transpose progressively. They show that, with proper hyperparameter setting, this does indeed work nearly as well as backprop when training a ResNet-18 network. But, hyperparameter settings don't translate to other network topologies. To allow this, they add in non-local learning rules:
In "Symmetric Alignment", the Self and Decay rules are employed. This is similar to backprop (the backward weights will track the forward ones) with L2 regularization, which is not new. It performs very similarly to backprop. In "Activation Alignment", Amp and Sparse rules are employed. I assume this is supposed to be more biologically plausible -- the Hebbian term can track the forward weights, while the Sparse rule regularizes and stabilizes the learning, such that overall dynamics allow the gradient to flow even if W and B aren't transposes of each other. Surprisingly, they find that Symmetric Alignment to be more robust to the injection of Gaussian noise during training than backprop. Both SA and AA achieve similar accuracies on the ResNet benchmark. The authors then go on to explain the plausibility of non-local but approximate learning rules with Regression discontinuity design ala Spiking allows neurons to estimate their causal effect. This is a decent paper,reasonably well written. They thought trough what variables are available to affect learning, and parameterized five combinations that work. Could they have done the full matrix of combinations, optimizing just they same as the metaparameters? Perhaps, but that would be even more work ... Regarding the desire to reconcile backprop and biology, this paper does not bring us much (if at all) closer. Biological neural networks have specific and local uses for error; even invoking 'error' has limited explanatory power on activity. Learning and firing dynamics, of course of course. Is the brain then just an overbearing mess of details and overlapping rules? Yes probably but that doesn't mean that we human's can't find something simpler that works. The algorithms in this paper, for example, are well described by a bit of linear algebra, and yet they are performant. | |||||||||||||
{1512} |
ref: -0
tags: rutherford journal computational theory neumann complexity wolfram
date: 05-05-2020 18:15 gmt
revision:0
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The Structures for Computation and the Mathematical Structure of Nature
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{1477} | |||||||||||||
PMID-31495645 Can One Concurrently Record Electrical Spikes from Every Neuron in a Mammalian Brain?
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{1472} |
ref: -0
tags: computational neuroscience opinion tony zador konrad kording lillicrap
date: 07-30-2019 21:04 gmt
revision:0
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Two papers out recently in Arxive and Biorxiv:
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{1457} | |||||||||||||
PMID-25112683 Subcellular Neural Probes from Single-Crystal Gold Nanowires
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{1447} | |||||||||||||
PMID-16543459 Reward timing in the primary visual cortex
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{1424} | |||||||||||||
Curiosity-driven exploration by Self-supervised prediction
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{1010} | |||||||||||||
PMID-4708761 Design, Fabrication, and In Vivo Behavior of Chronic Recording Intracortical Microelectrodes
____References____ Salcman, Michael and Bak, Martin J. Design, Fabrication, and In Vivo Behavior of Chronic Recording Intracortical Microelectrodes Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on BME-20 4 253 -260 (1973) | |||||||||||||
{1368} | |||||||||||||
PMID-23451719 Synthetic Nanoelectronic Probes for Biological Cells and Tissue
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{1176} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-6170092 (pdf) An ultra-compliant, scalable neural probe with molded biodissolvable delivery vehicle
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{1394} | |||||||||||||
Materials and technologies for soft implantable neuroprostheses
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{1392} | |||||||||||||
PMID-29109247 Highly scalable multichannel mesh electronics for stable chronic brain electrophysiology
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{1388} |
ref: -0
tags: PEDOT PSS electroplate eletrodeposition neural recording michigan probe stimulation CSC
date: 04-27-2017 01:36 gmt
revision:1
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PMID-19543541 Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) as a micro-neural interface material for electrostimulation
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{747} | |||||||||||||
PMID-17517431[0] Neural probe design for reduced tissue encapsulation in CNS.
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{1382} |
ref: -0
tags: iridium oxide nanotube intracellular recording electroplate MEA
date: 02-22-2017 22:41 gmt
revision:0
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PMID-24487777 Iridium oxide nanotube electrodes for sensitive and prolonged intracellular measurement of action potentials. | |||||||||||||
{1380} |
ref: -0
tags: myoelectric EMG recording TMR prosthetics
date: 02-13-2017 20:43 gmt
revision:0
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PMID: Man/machine interface based on the discharge timings of spinal motor neurons after targeted muscle reinnervation
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{1376} | |||||||||||||
PMID-24677434 A Review of Organic and Inorganic Biomaterials for Neural Interfaces
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{1375} | |||||||||||||
PMID-22905231 Neuronal recordings with solid-conductor intracellular nanoelectrodes (SCINEs).
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{1370} | |||||||||||||
PMID-27256971 Multisite electrophysiological recordings by self-assembled loose-patch-like junctions between cultured hippocampal neurons and mushroom-shaped microelectrodes.
PMID-23380931 Multi-electrode array technologies for neuroscience and cardiology
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{1369} | |||||||||||||
PMID-22231664 Vertical nanowire electrode arrays as a scalable platform for intracellular interfacing to neuronal circuits.
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{927} | |||||||||||||
PMID-18672003[0] Neurotrophic electrode: method of assembly and implantation into human motor speech cortex.
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{1360} | |||||||||||||
PMID-22750248 In vivo effects of L1 coating on inflammation and neuronal health at the electrode-tissue interface in rat spinal cord and dorsal root ganglion.
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{1270} |
ref: -0
tags: gold micrograin recording electrodes electroplating impedance
date: 10-17-2016 20:28 gmt
revision:5
[4] [3] [2] [1] [0] [head]
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PMID-23071004 Gold nanograin microelectrodes for neuroelectronic interfaces.
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{1350} | |||||||||||||
A Wireless 32-Channel Implantable Bidirectional Brain Machine Interface
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{1324} | |||||||||||||
Problem: have a Q-switched Nd:YAG laser, (flashlamp pumped, passively Q-switched) from ebay (see this album). Allegedly it outputs 1J pulses of 8ns duration; in practice, it may put several 100mJ pulses ~ 16ns long while the flashlamp is firing. It was sold as a tattoo removal machine. However, I'm employing it to drill micro-vias in fine polyimide films. When focused through a 10x objective via the camera mount of an Leica microscope, 532nm (KTP doubled, second harmonic generation (SHG)) laser pulses both ablates the material, but does not leave a clean, sharp hole: it looks more like 'blasting': the hole is ragged, more like a crater. This may be from excessive 1064nm heating (partial KTP conversion), or plasma/flame heating & expansion due to absorption of the 532nm / 1064nm light. It may also be due to excessive pulse duration (should the laser not actually be q-switched... photodiode testing suggests otherwise, but I'd like to verify that), excessive pulse power, insufficient pulse intensity, or insufficient polyimide absorption at 532nm. The solution to excessive plasma and insufficient polyimide absorption is to shift the wavelength to 355nm (NUV) via third harmonic generation, 1064 + 532 = 355nm. This requires sum frequency generation (SFG), for which LBO (lithium triborate) or BBO (beta-barium borate) seem the commonly accepted nonlinear optical materials. To get SHG or THG, phase and polarization matching of the incoming light is critical. The output of the Nd:YAG laser is, I assume, non-polarized (or randomly polarized), as the KTP crystal simply screws on the front, and so should be rotationally agnostic (and there are no polarizing elements in the simple laser head -- unless the (presumed) Cr:YAG passive Q-switch induces some polarization.) Output polarization of the KTP crystal will be perpendicular to the incoming beam; if the resulting THG / SFG crystal needs Type-1 phase matching (both in phase and parallel polarization), will need a half-wave plate for 1064nm; for Type-II phase matching, no plate is needed. For noncritical phase matching in LBO (which I just bought), an oven is required to heat the crystal to the correct temperature. This suggests 73C for THG, while this suggests 150C (for SHG?). Third harmonic frequency generation by type-I critically phase-matched LiB3O5 crystal by means of optically active quartz crystal Suggests most lasers operate in Type-1 SHG, and Type-II THG, but this is less efficient than dual Type-1; the quartz crystal is employed to rotate the polarizations to alignment. Both SHG and THG crystals are heated for optimum power output. Finally, Short pulse duration of an extracavity sum-frequency mixing with an LiB3O5 (LBO) crystal suggests that no polarization change is required, nor oven control LBO temperature. Tight focus and high energy density is required, of course (at the expense of reduced crystal lifetime). Likely this is the Type-1,Type-II scheme alluded to in the paper above. I'll try this first before engaging further complexity (efficiency is not very important, as the holes are very small & material removal may be slow.) | |||||||||||||
{1318} | |||||||||||||
{1296} |
ref: -0
tags: physical principles of scalable neural recording marblestone
date: 08-25-2014 20:21 gmt
revision:0
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PMID-24187539 Physical principles for scalable neural recording.
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{1112} | |||||||||||||
PMID-21301965[0] Novel multi-sided, microelectrode arrays for implantable neural applications.
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{1226} | |||||||||||||
PMID-23142839 Ultrasmall implantable composite microelectrodes with bioactive surfaces for chronic neural interfaces.
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{1243} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-5734597 (pdf) A novel platinum nanowire-coated neural electrode and its electrochemical and biological characterization
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{1241} | |||||||||||||
http://thesis.library.caltech.edu/4671/1/PhDThesisFinalChanglinPang.pdf
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{1232} | |||||||||||||
PMID-22726828 The Brain Activity Map Project and the Challenge of Functional Connectomics
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{1233} | |||||||||||||
PMID-23514423 Nanotools for Neuroscience and Brain Activity Mapping
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{597} | |||||||||||||
PMID-16425835Reliability of signals from a chronically implanted, silicon-based electrode array in non-human primate primary motor cortex
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{999} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-4065599 (pdf) Comments on Microelectrodes
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{781} | |||||||||||||
PMID-16198003[0] Response of brain tissue to chronically implanted neural electrodes
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{946} | |||||||||||||
PMID-1256090[0] A new chronic recording intracortical microelectrode
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{748} | |||||||||||||
PMID-18485471[0] Characterization of microglial attachment and cytokine release on biomaterials of differing surface chemistry
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{1221} | |||||||||||||
PMID-21775782[0] Long-term stability of neural prosthetic control signals from silicon cortical arrays in rhesus macaque motor cortex (Shenoy)
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{1036} | |||||||||||||
Things to read! decoding:
electrodes:
other random scribblings: Vascularization {1027} histology {736},{737} and size {1028},{747},{1026}, insulation {1033}. How very very important -- as important or moreso than the recording technology. What has happened to {149} ? | |||||||||||||
{1177} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-1196780 (pdf) 3D flexible multichannel neural probe array
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{895} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-1605268 (pdf) Evaluation of the Stability of Intracortical Microelectrode Arrays
____References____ Xindong Liu and McCreery, D.B. and Bullara, L.A. and Agnew, W.F. Evaluation of the stability of intracortical microelectrode arrays Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 14 1 91 -100 (2006) | |||||||||||||
{1114} | |||||||||||||
PMID-22170970[0] A system for recording neural activity chronically and simultaneously from multiple cortical and subcortical regions in non-human primates. ____References____
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{898} | |||||||||||||
PMID-19486899[0] Toward a comparison of microelectrodes for acute and chronic recordings.
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{311} | |||||||||||||
PMID-9350963 A floating microwire technique for multichannel neural recording and stimulation in the awake rat
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{736} | |||||||||||||
PMID-10498377[0] Stability of the interface between neural tissue and chronically implanted intracortical microelectrodes.
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{1195} | |||||||||||||
PMID-21270781[0] How advances in neural recording affect data analysis.
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{746} | |||||||||||||
PMID-10906696[0] Tissue response to single-polymer fibers of varying diameters: evaluation of fibrous encapsulation and macrophage density.
"
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{897} | |||||||||||||
PMID-21654037[0] In vivo deployment of mechanically adaptive nanocomposites for intracortical microelectrodes
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{1205} | |||||||||||||
PMID-15698656[0] A comparison of chronic multi-channel cortical implantation techniques: manual versus mechanical insertion.
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{1206} | |||||||||||||
PMID-19164034 Cortical recording with polypyrrole microwire electrodes.
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{1111} | |||||||||||||
PMID-17409479[0] Thin microelectrodes reduce GFAP expression in the implant site in rodent somatosensory cortex.
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{749} | |||||||||||||
PMID-17266019[0] The brain tissue response to implanted silicon microelectrode arrays is increased when the device is tethered to the skull. ____References____
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{1040} | |||||||||||||
PMID-22022568[0] Multiplexed, High Density Electrophysiology with Nanofabricated Neural Probes
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{1058} | |||||||||||||
PMID-19596378 Magnetic insertion system for flexible electrode implantation.
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{1188} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-906517 (pdf) Flexible microelectrode arrays with integrated insertion devices
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{1178} | |||||||||||||
PMID-23160191 Novel flexible Parylene neural probe with 3D sheath structure for enhancing tissue integration
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{1187} |
ref: -0
tags: neural recording topologies circuits operational transconductance amplifiers
date: 01-02-2013 20:00 gmt
revision:0
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PMID-22163863 Recent advances in neural recording microsystems. | |||||||||||||
{1184} | |||||||||||||
PMID-22308458 Optically monitoring voltage in neurons by photo-induced electron transfer through molecular wires.
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{1183} | |||||||||||||
PMID-22574249 High spatial and temporal resolution wide-field imaging of neuron activity using quantum NV-diamond.
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{1182} | |||||||||||||
PMID-16050036 Imaging brain activity with voltage- and calcium-sensitive dyes.
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{1181} | |||||||||||||
http://www.redshirtimaging.com/redshirt_neuro/neuro_lib_2.htm
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{1179} | |||||||||||||
PMID-20844600 Detection of Neural Action Potentials Using Optical Coherence Tomography: Intensity and Phase Measurements with and without Dyes.
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{1180} | |||||||||||||
PMID-19654752 Detecting intrinsic scattering changes correlated to neuron action potentials using optical coherence imaging.
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{1164} | |||||||||||||
http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/8/10/6704/pdf NeuroMEMS: Neuro Probe Microtechnologies
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{307} | |||||||||||||
PMID-10223510 Chronic recording capability of the Utah Intracortical Electrode Array in cat sensory cortex.
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{991} | |||||||||||||
PMID-19299613[0] Spinal cord stimulation restores locomotion in animal models of Parkinson's disease.
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{1149} |
ref: -0
tags: locomotion decerebrated monkeys spinal cord section STN stimulation
date: 03-01-2012 23:53 gmt
revision:0
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PMID-7326562 Locomotor control in macaque monkeys
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{1140} |
ref: -0
tags: dopamine reward prediction striatum error striatum orbitofrontal reward
date: 02-24-2012 21:26 gmt
revision:1
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PMID-11105648 Involvement of basal ganglia and orbitofrontal cortex in goal-directed behavior.
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{828} |
ref: RodriguezOroz-2001.09
tags: STN SNr parkinsons disease single unit recording spain 2001 tremor oscillations DBS somatotopy organization
date: 02-22-2012 18:24 gmt
revision:12
[11] [10] [9] [8] [7] [6] [head]
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PMID-11522580[0] The subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson's disease: somatotopic organization and physiological characteristics
Old notes:
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{169} |
ref: Hamani-2004.01
tags: STN subthalamic nucleus movement disorders PD parkinsons basal_ganglia globus_pallidus anatomy DBS
date: 02-22-2012 15:03 gmt
revision:8
[7] [6] [5] [4] [3] [2] [head]
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PMID-14607789[0] The subthalamic nucleus in the context of movement disorders
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{1116} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-1580838 (pdf) Microfabricated cylindrical multielectrodes for neural stimulation.
____References____ Snow, S. and Jacobsen, S.C. and Wells, D.L. and Horch, K.W. Microfabricated cylindrical multielectrodes for neural stimulation Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 53 2 320 -326 (2006) | |||||||||||||
{1113} | |||||||||||||
PMID-21270781 How advances in neural recording affect data analysis
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{1056} | |||||||||||||
PMID-8836553[0] Single unit recording capabilities of a 100 microelectrode array. Nordhausen CT, Maynard EM, Normann RA.
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{1109} |
ref: -0
tags: Cogan 2008 electrodes recording stimulation
date: 02-05-2012 00:21 gmt
revision:0
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PMID-18429704 Neural stimulation and recording electrodes.
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{1101} | |||||||||||||
PMID-11571334[0] Clinical characteristics and topography of lesions in movement disorders due to thalamic lesions ____References____
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{843} | |||||||||||||
PMID-19286561[0] Human Substantia Nigra Neurons Encode Unexpected Financial Rewards
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{1075} | |||||||||||||
PMID-19070616[0] Pathological synchronisation in the subthalamic nucleus of patients with Parkinson's disease relates to both bradykinesia and rigidity.
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{1084} | |||||||||||||
PMID-19416950[0] Reward-learning and the novelty-seeking personality: a between- and within-subjects study of the effects of dopamine agonists on young Parkinson's patients
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{891} | |||||||||||||
PMID-21096380[0] "A multi-channel low-power system-on-chip for single-unit recording and narrowband wireless transmission of neural signal."
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{255} |
ref: BarGad-2003.12
tags: information dimensionality reduction reinforcement learning basal_ganglia RDDR SNR globus pallidus
date: 01-16-2012 19:18 gmt
revision:3
[2] [1] [0] [head]
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PMID-15013228[] Information processing, dimensionality reduction, and reinforcement learning in the basal ganglia (2003)
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{214} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-1201998 (pdf) A low-power low-noise CMOS amplifier for neural recording applications
Harrison, R.R. and Charles, C. A low-power low-noise CMOS amplifier for neural recording applications Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of 38 6 958 - 965 (2003) | |||||||||||||
{814} | |||||||||||||
PMID-19199762[0] Optical Detection of Brain Cell Activity Using Plasmonic Gold Nanoparticles
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{315} | |||||||||||||
PMID-16200750[0] Wireless Multichannel Biopotential Recording Using an Integrated FM Telemetry Circuit Pedram Mohseni, Khalil Najafi, Steven Eliades, Xiaoquin Wang.
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{1054} | |||||||||||||
PMID-20089393[0] Electrical interfacing between neurons and electronics via vertically integrated sub-4 microm-diameter silicon probe arrays fabricated by vapor-liquid-solid growth.
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{1048} | |||||||||||||
PMID-19067174[0] Integrated wireless neural interface based on the Utah electrode array
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{1049} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-4353193 (pdf) A Sub-Microwatt Low-Noise Amplifier for Neural Recording
____References____ Holleman, J. and Otis, B. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2007. EMBS 2007. 29th Annual International Conference of the IEEE 3930 -3933 (2007) | |||||||||||||
{1050} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-1643411 (pdf) A TinyOS-enabled MICA2-BasedWireless neural interface
____References____ Farshchi, S. and Nuyujukian, P.H. and Pesterev, A. and Mody, I. and Judy, J.W. A TinyOS-enabled MICA2-BasedWireless neural interface Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 53 7 1416 -1424 (2006) | |||||||||||||
{1051} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-5226763 (pdf) An Implantable 64-Channel Wireless Microsystem for Single-Unit Neural Recording
____References____ Sodagar, A.M. and Perlin, G.E. and Ying Yao and Najafi, K. and Wise, K.D. An Implantable 64-Channel Wireless Microsystem for Single-Unit Neural Recording Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of 44 9 2591 -2604 (2009) | |||||||||||||
{979} | |||||||||||||
PMID-14757342[0] A multichannel telemetry system for single unit neural recordings
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{1055} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-5230909 (pdf) A High Resolution Bi-Directional Communication through a Brain-Chip Interface
____References____ Maschietto, M. and Mahmud, M. and Stefano, G. and Vassanelli, S. Advanced Technologies for Enhanced Quality of Life, 2009. AT-EQUAL '09. 32 -35 (2009) | |||||||||||||
{729} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-4358095 (pdf) An Ultra-Low-Power Neural Recording Amplifier and its use in Adaptively-Biased Multi-Amplifier Arrays.
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{1025} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-335862 (pdf) A three-dimensional microelectrode array for chronic neural recording.
____References____ Hoogerwerf, A.C. and Wise, K.D. A three-dimensional microelectrode array for chronic neural recording Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 41 12 1136 -1146 (1994) | |||||||||||||
{740} | |||||||||||||
PMID-3957372[0] Solid-state electrodes for multichannel multiplexed intracortical neuronal recording.
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{1045} | |||||||||||||
PMID-95711[0] Spike separation in multiunit records: A multivariate analysis of spike descriptive parameters
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{1037} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-1546254 (pdf) A three-dimensional neural recording microsystem with implantable data compression circuitry
____References____ Olsson, R.H., III and Wise, K.D. A three-dimensional neural recording microsystem with implantable data compression circuitry Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of 40 12 2796 - 2804 (2005) | |||||||||||||
{1041} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-1052457 (pdf) A monolithic signal processor for a neurophysiological telemetry system
____References____ Dorman, M.G. and Prisbe, M.A. and Meindl, J.D. A monolithic signal processor for a neurophysiological telemetry system Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of 20 6 1185 - 1193 (1985) | |||||||||||||
{1042} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-121568 (pdf) An implantable CMOS circuit interface for multiplexed microelectrode recording arrays
____References____ Ji, J. and Wise, K.D. ''An implantable CMOS circuit interface for multiplexed microelectrode recording arrays'' Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of 27 3 433 -443 (1992) | |||||||||||||
{1043} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-1019051 (pdf) A multi channel chopper modulated neural recording system
____References____ Dagtekin, M. and Wentai Liu and Bashirullah, R. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2001. Proceedings of the 23rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE 1 757 - 760 vol.1 (2001) | |||||||||||||
{1044} | |||||||||||||
PMID-10522821[0] A 100-channel system for real time detection and storage of extracellular spike waveforms.
____References____
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{985} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-1185151 (pdf) Two multichannel integrated circuits for neural recording and signal processing
____References____ Obeid, I. and Morizio, J.C. and Moxon, K.A. and Nicolelis, M.A.L. and Wolf, P.D. Two multichannel integrated circuits for neural recording and signal processing Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 50 2 255 -258 (2003) | |||||||||||||
{316} | |||||||||||||
PMID-12797724[0] A miniaturized neuroprosthesis suitable for implantation into the brain.
____References____ | |||||||||||||
{782} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-5067358 (pdf) Wireless, Ultra Low Power, Broadband Neural Recording Microsystem
____References____ Song, Y.-K. and Borton, D.A. and Park, S. and Patterson, W.R. and Bull, C.W. and Laiwalla, F. and Mislow, J. and Simeral, J.D. and Donoghue, J.P. and Nurmikko, A.V. Active Microelectronic Neurosensor Arrays for Implantable Brain Communication Interfaces Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 17 4 339 -345 (2009) | |||||||||||||
{598} | |||||||||||||
PMID-18018699[0] HermesB: a continuous neural recording system for freely behaving primates.
____References____ | |||||||||||||
{779} | |||||||||||||
PMID-16003903[0] Development of a chipscale integrated microelectrode/microelectronic device for brain implantable neuroengineering applications. -- second from this
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{930} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-1300783 (pdf) Transmission latencies in a telemetry-linked brain-machine interface
____References____ Bossetti, C.A. and Carmena, J.M. and Nicolelis, M.A.L. and Wolf, P.D. Transmission latencies in a telemetry-linked brain-machine interface Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 51 6 919 -924 (2004.06) | |||||||||||||
{933} | |||||||||||||
PMID-18923392[0] Direct control of paralysed muscles by cortical neurons.
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{308} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-1214707 (pdf) Silicon-substrate intracortical microelectrode arrays for long-term recording of neuronal spike activity in cerebral cortex.
____References____ | |||||||||||||
{997} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-1484848 (pdf) A high-yield IC-compatible multielectrode recording array.
____References____ Najafi, K. and Wise, K.D. and Mochizuki, T. A high-yield IC-compatible multichannel recording array Electron Devices, IEEE Transactions on 32 7 1206 - 1211 (1985) | |||||||||||||
{966} | |||||||||||||
PMID-6077726[0] The limbic system and behavioral reinforcement
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{600} | |||||||||||||
Recently we bought a OCZ NIA device for our lab. Having designed similar hardware myself, I simply *had to* take the thing apart to inspect it, as others have done -- see Joe Pit's teardown (with schematic!!). Of course, I graciously let the others try it for a few hours (it doesn't work all that well) before taking the anodized, extruded, surface- ground aluminum case apart. Below is the top side of the 4-layer circuit board inside the case, as well as a key to indicate the function of the labeled devices. (some of the labels are hard to read due to the clutter of the silkscreen on the board; sorry).
Comments? | |||||||||||||
{607} | |||||||||||||
from the book "Neural Prostheses for Restoration of Sensory and Motor Function" edited by John Chapin and Karen Moxon. Phillip Kennedy's one-channel neurotrophic glass electrode BMI (axons apparently grew into the electrode, and he recorded from them) Pat Wolf on neural amplification / telemetry technology battery technology for powering the neural telemetry | |||||||||||||
{1034} |
ref: Towe-2007.05
tags: RF recording passive backscatter variactors
date: 01-06-2012 02:56 gmt
revision:3
[2] [1] [0] [head]
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IEEE-4227238 (pdf) Passive Backscatter Biotelemetry for Neural Interfacing
IEEE-5993487 (pdf) A Fully Passive Wireless Microsystem for Recording of Neuropotentials Using RF Backscattering Methods
____References____ Towe, B.C. Neural Engineering, 2007. CNE '07. 3rd International IEEE/EMBS Conference on 144 -147 (2007) | |||||||||||||
{309} | |||||||||||||
PMID-10776811[0] More than a year of recording with up to 64 microelectrodes
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{995} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-936367 (pdf) Single-unit neural recording with active microelectrode arrays
____References____ Qing Bai and Wise, K.D. Single-unit neural recording with active microelectrode arrays Biomedical Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 48 8 911 -920 (2001) | |||||||||||||
{996} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-1052646 (pdf) An implantable multielectrode array with on-chip signal processing
____References____ Najafi, K. and Wise, K.D. An implantable multielectrode array with on-chip signal processing Solid-State Circuits, IEEE Journal of 21 6 1035 - 1044 (1986) | |||||||||||||
{313} | |||||||||||||
PMID-12960378 Chronic, multisite, multielectrode recordings in macaque monkeys.
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{393} | |||||||||||||
PMID-17554826[0] A fully integrated mixed-signal neural processor for implantable multichannel cortical recording.
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{739} | |||||||||||||
PMID-2345003[0] Strength characterization of silicon microprobes in neurophysiological tissues.
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{841} | |||||||||||||
PMID-20705858[0] Three-Dimensional, Flexible Nanoscale Field-Effect Transistors as Localized Bioprobes
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{1004} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-1351853 (pdf) Development of integrated circuits for readout of microelectrode arrays to image neuronal activity in live retinal tissue
____References____ Dabrowski, W. and Grybos, P. and Hottowy, P. and Skoczen, A. and Swientek, K. and Bezayiff, N. and Grillo, A.A. and Kachiguine, S. and Litke, A.M. and Sher, A. Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2003 IEEE 2 956 - 960 Vol.2 (2003) | |||||||||||||
{977} | |||||||||||||
bibtex: delgado-1964 Personality, education, and electrical stimulation of the brain
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{366} | |||||||||||||
PMID-17271187[0] Dynamic control of extracellular environment in in vitro neural recording systems.
____References____
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{833} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-4358608 (pdf) An Integrated System for Simultaneous, Multichannel Neuronal Stimulation and Recording
Blum RA, Ross JD Brown EA and DeWeerth SP (2007) An Integrated System for Simultaneous, Multichannel Neuronal Stimulation and Recording IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I. Regular Pap 54, 2608-2618 | |||||||||||||
{149} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-01258173 (pdf) Wireless implantable microsystems: high-density electronic interfaces to the nervous system - January 2004.
____References____ WISE, K.D. and ANDERSON, D.J. and HETKE, J.F. and KIPKE, D.R. and NAJAFI, K. Wireless implantable microsystems: high-density electronic interfaces to the nervous system Proceedings of the IEEE 92 1 76 - 97 (2004) | |||||||||||||
{312} | |||||||||||||
PMID-12904510[0] Csicsvari 2003 Massively parallel recording of unit and local field potentials with silicon-based electrodes
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{978} | |||||||||||||
PMID-5683678[0] Intracerebral radio stimulation and recording in completely free patients.
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{150} |
ref: Otto-2006.02
tags: electrophysiology recording rejuvenation stimulation MEA
date: 01-03-2012 03:21 gmt
revision:3
[2] [1] [0] [head]
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PMID-16485763[0] Voltage pulses change neural interface properties and improve unit recordings with chronically implanted microelectrodes.
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{928} |
ref: Kennedy-1989.09
tags: Kennedy neurotrophic electrode recording fabrication 1989 electrophysiology
date: 01-03-2012 03:21 gmt
revision:2
[1] [0] [head]
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PMID-2796391[0] The cone electrode: a long-term electrode that records from neurites grown onto its recording surface.
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{310} | |||||||||||||
PMID-10592339[0] Long term neural recording characteristics of wire microelectrode arrays implanted in cerebral cortex
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{830} | |||||||||||||
PMID-19668698[0] A low-cost multielectrode system for data acquisition enabling real-time closed-loop processing with rapid recovery from stimulation artifacts
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{630} | |||||||||||||
PMID-16543459[0] Reward Timing in the Primary Visual Cortex
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{376} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-1419566 (pdf) A Portable Wireless DSP System for a Brain Machine Interface
____References____ Darmanjian, S. and Morrison, S. and Dang, B. and Gugel, K. and Principe, J. Neural Engineering, 2005. Conference Proceedings. 2nd International IEEE EMBS Conference on 112 -115 (2005) | |||||||||||||
{731} | |||||||||||||
PMID-15132510[0] A fully Integrated Neural Recording Amplifier with DC Input Stabilization
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{743} | |||||||||||||
PMID-17260864[0] An integrated system for multichannel neuronal recording with spike/LFP separation, integrated A/D conversion and threshold detection.
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{744} |
ref: Merletti-2009.02
tags: surface EMG multielectrode recording technology italy
date: 01-03-2012 01:07 gmt
revision:2
[1] [0] [head]
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PMID-19042063[0] Technology and instrumentation for detection and conditioning of the surface electromyographic signal: state of the art
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{893} | |||||||||||||
PMID-21880826[0] http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2011/9/pdb.prot065474.full?rss=1
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{894} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-5619710 (pdf) A Multi-Channel Low-Power IC for Neural Spike Recording with Data Compression and Narrowband 400-MHz MC-FSK Wireless Transmission
____References____ Bonfanti, A. and Ceravolo, M. and Zambra, G. and Gusmeroli, R. and Borghi, T. and Spinelli, A.S. and Lacaita, A.L. ESSCIRC, 2010 Proceedings of the 330 -333 (2010) | |||||||||||||
{910} | |||||||||||||
PMID-11491[0] Afferent input to movement-related precentral neurones in conscious monkeys.
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{665} |
ref: Cho-2007.03
tags: SOM self organizing maps Prinicpe neural signal reconstruction recording compression
date: 01-03-2012 00:59 gmt
revision:2
[1] [0] [head]
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PMID-17234384[0] Self-organizing maps with dynamic learning for signal reconstruction.
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{937} | |||||||||||||
PMID-19255459[0] A fully implantable 96-channel neural data acquisition system.
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{982} | |||||||||||||
PMID-6492861[0] A simple method for the construction of electrode arrays.
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{986} | |||||||||||||
PMID-12367642[0] Multielectrode recordings: the next steps.
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{994} | |||||||||||||
PMID-8351520[0] Dynamics of the hippocampal ensemble code for space.
PMID-8036517[1] Reactivation of hippocampal ensemble memories during sleep.
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{741} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-4463150 (pdf) A neural signal processor for an implantable multi-channel cortical recording microsystem
____References____ Sodagar, A.M. and Wise, K.D. and Najafi, K. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2006. EMBS '06. 28th Annual International Conference of the IEEE 5900 -5903 (2006) | |||||||||||||
{1001} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-5335132 (pdf) Low-cost wireless neural recording system and software
____References____ Gregory, J.A. and Borna, A. and Roy, S. and Xiaoqin Wang and Lewandowski, B. and Schmidt, M. and Najafi, K. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009. EMBC 2009. Annual International Conference of the IEEE 3833 -3836 (2009) | |||||||||||||
{873} | |||||||||||||
PMID-21240274[0] A wireless multi-channel neural amplifier for freely moving animals.
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{1002} |
ref: Fan-2011.01
tags: TBSI wireless recordings system FM modulation multiplexing poland
date: 01-03-2012 00:55 gmt
revision:5
[4] [3] [2] [1] [0] [head]
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PMID-21765934[0] A wireless multi-channel recording system for freely behaving mice and rats.
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{1003} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-5333227 (pdf) In vivo testing of a low noise 32-channel wireless neural recording system
____References____ Ming Yin and Seung Bae Lee and Ghovanloo, M. Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 2009. EMBC 2009. Annual International Conference of the IEEE 1608 -1611 (2009) | |||||||||||||
{1005} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-5471737 (pdf) HermesD: A High-Rate Long-Range Wireless Transmission System for Simultaneous Multichannel Neural Recording Applications
____References____ Miranda, H. and Gilja, V. and Chestek, C.A. and Shenoy, K.V. and Meng, T.H. HermesD: A High-Rate Long-Range Wireless Transmission System for Simultaneous Multichannel Neural Recording Applications Biomedical Circuits and Systems, IEEE Transactions on 4 3 181 -191 (2010) | |||||||||||||
{1006} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-5061585 (pdf) Wireless Neural Recording With Single Low-Power Integrated Circuit
____References____ Harrison, R.R. and Kier, R.J. and Chestek, C.A. and Gilja, V. and Nuyujukian, P. and Ryu, S. and Greger, B. and Solzbacher, F. and Shenoy, K.V. Wireless Neural Recording With Single Low-Power Integrated Circuit Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering, IEEE Transactions on 17 4 322 -329 (2009) | |||||||||||||
{365} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-717081 (pdf) An Implantable Multichannel Digital neural recording system for a micromachined sieve electrode
____References____ Akin, T. and Najafi, K. and Bradley, R.M. Solid-State Sensors and Actuators, 1995 and Eurosensors IX.. Transducers '95. The 8th International Conference on 1 51 -54 (1995) | |||||||||||||
{663} | |||||||||||||
PMID-19162894[0] Implementation of a telemetry system for neurophysiological signals.
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{314} | |||||||||||||
PMID-14757341[1] A low power multichannel analog front end for portable neural signal recordings.
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{621} |
ref: Ativanichayaphong-2008.05
tags: wireless neural recording stimulation
date: 12-28-2011 21:15 gmt
revision:3
[2] [1] [0] [head]
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PMID-18262282[0] A combined wireless neural stimulating and recording system for study of pain processing
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{834} | |||||||||||||
IEEE-4464125 (pdf) Stimulus-Artifact Elimination in a Multi-Electrode System
Brown EA, Ross JD, Blum RA, Yoonkey N, Wheeler BC, and DeWeerth SP (2008) Stimulus-Artifact Elimination in a Multi-Electrode System. IEEE TRans. Biomed. Circuit Sys. 2. 10-21 | |||||||||||||
{942} | |||||||||||||
PMID-20404313[0] Spinal cord stimulation failed to relieve akinesia or restore locomotion in Parkinson disease.
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{960} |
ref: -0
tags: M1 Evarts PTN conduction velocity monkey electrophysiology spinal cord
date: 12-25-2011 04:25 gmt
revision:0
[head]
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PMID-14283057 Relation of Discharge Frequency to conduction velocity in pyramidal tract neurons
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{267} |
ref: Kennedy-1992.08
tags: BMI Kennedy cone electrode electrophysiology recording neurotrophic
date: 12-17-2011 01:00 gmt
revision:1
[0] [head]
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PMID-1407726[] The cone electrode: ultrastructural studies following long-term recording in rat and monkey cortex
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{65} | |||||||||||||
follow up paper: http://spikelab.jbpierce.org/Publications/LaubachEMBS2003.pdf
____References____ Laubach, M. and Arieh, Y. and Luczak, A. and Oh, J. and Xu, Y. Bioengineering Conference, 2003 IEEE 29th Annual, Proceedings of 17 - 18 (2003.03) | |||||||||||||
{920} | |||||||||||||
PMID-19386759[0] Wireless neural stimulation in freely behaving small animals.
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{921} | |||||||||||||
PMID-16102841[0] An autonomous implantable computer for neural recording and stimulation in unrestrained primates.
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{194} | |||||||||||||
PMID-9658025[0] Predictive reward signal of dopamine neurons.
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{156} | |||||||||||||
PMID-12040201[0] Anterior cingulate: single neuronal signals related to degree of reward expectancy
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{698} | |||||||||||||
From Scott MacKenzie:
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{887} | |||||||||||||
I love this short story. It tastes like the complexity and frustrating richness of an examined life. It smells like the disparity between being able to understand things and being able to affect things in our incidental, stratified, limited world. | |||||||||||||
{857} | |||||||||||||
http://www.nvnews.net/vbulletin/showthread.php?t=141845 -- when running multiple nvidia cards on one linux computer with a 32-bit kernel, you may run out of kernel memory while loading the video drivers. To fix this, pass vmaloc=256M to the kernel prior boot - e.g. by editing /boot/grub/menu.lst (grub 1) or /boot/grub/grub.cfg (grub 2) If you want to make the change permanent with all kernels, edit /etc/grub.d/10_linux and add vmalloc=256M to the end of linux ${rel_dirname}/${basename} root=${linux_root_device_thisversion} ro ${args} see also the Nvidia driver release notes | |||||||||||||
{839} | |||||||||||||
(I'm posting this here as it's easier than putting a image & text in subversion) I'm building a wireless headstage for neural recording. Hence, it has sensitive, high-gain amplifiers (RHA2116) pretty close to a wireless transmitter + serial lines. The transmitter operates intermittently to save power, only sending samples from one continuous channel + threshold crossings for all the other channels. 27 byte-wide samples + channel identifier + 4 bytes threshold crossing are sent in one radio packet; as the radio takes some 130us to start up the PLL, 8 of these packets are chunked together into one frame; one frame is transmitted every 144hz (actually, 1e6/(32*27*8)Hz. At the conclusion of each frame, the continuous channel to be transmitted is incremented. It seems that radio transmission is interfering with the input amplfifiers, as the beginning samples from a frame are corrupted - this is when the previous frame is going out over the air. It could also be noise from the SPI lines, which run under and close to the amplifiers. This may also not be a problem in vivo - it could only be an issue when the input to the amplifiers are floating. Above, a plot of the raw data coming off the headstage radio. Red trace indicates the channel currently being transmitted; blue are the samples. Note that some chanels do not have the artifact - I presume this is because their input is grounded. This will be very tricky to debug, as if we turn off the radio, we'll get no data. Checking if it is a SPI problem is possible by writing the bus at a specified time. Tested with radio PA disabled, it is definitely the SPI bus - routing problem! Stupid. | |||||||||||||
{805} | |||||||||||||
http://silentlistening.wordpress.com/2008/05/09/dispersion-of-sound-waves-in-ice-sheets/ -- amazing! | |||||||||||||
{783} | |||||||||||||
PMID-19435684[0] A 128-channel 6 mW wireless neural recording IC with spike feature extraction and UWB transmitter.
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{786} |
ref: -0
tags: linux keyboard international characters symbols
date: 10-01-2009 14:09 gmt
revision:1
[0] [head]
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Need to type international symbols and characters on your keyboard, e.g. for writing in another language? Do this: cp /usr/share/X11/locale/en_US.UTF-8/Compose ~/.XCompose xmodmap -e 'keycode 115 = Multi_key Multi_key Multi_key Multi_key' xmodmap -e 'keycode 116 = Multi_key Multi_key Multi_key Multi_key' Where 115 and 116 are the windows keys on my keyboard. (You can find this out for your keyboard by running 'xev'); Then:
yay! And now for something completely unrelated but highly amusing, at least in title: Optimal Brain Damage | |||||||||||||
{770} | |||||||||||||
During the GOSH! summit there was an intensive talk about making a open-hardware USBkey-to-television converter/computer/mp4 player, an idea (patented!) by Joshua Kauffman and Gwendolyn Floyd. Since this was a very hands-on workshop, I decided to get an mp4 player in downtown Banff and take it apart to see how it works. The selected device, a RCA Lyra MC4202-A portable media player, is, in accordance with its low price, electrically simple on the inside. What follows is a rough teardown of the internals. -- View of the Lya with the back plastic panel removed.
-- View underneath the main PCB, showing the keypad PCB.
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{742} | |||||||||||||
PMID-17873433[0] A single-chip signal processing and telemetry engine for an implantable 96-channel neural data acquisition system.
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{664} | |||||||||||||
PMID-17946962[0] A reconfigurable neural signal processor (NSP) for brain machine interfaces.
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{364} | |||||||||||||
PMID-17946450[0] An Autonomous, broadband, multi-channel neural recording system for freely behaving primates
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PMID-18958234 Endocannabinoid Signaling is Critical for Habit Formation.
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PMID-12371511[0] Dopamine: generalization and bonuses
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PMID-18701678[0] Reward facilitates tactile judgments and modulates hemodynamic responses in human primary somatosensory cortex.
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{631} | |||||||||||||
PMID-16563737[0] The computational neurobiology of learning and reward
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{629} | |||||||||||||
PMID-11257908[0] Multiple Reward Signals in the Brain
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{628} | |||||||||||||
PMID-10731222[0] Reward processing in primate orbitofrontal cortex and basal ganglia
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http://www.dana.org/news/cerebrum/detail.aspx?id=3066 -- great article, with a well thought out, delicate treatment of the ethical/moral/ legal issues created by the interaction between the biological roots of violence (or knowlege thereof) and legal / social systems. He posits that there must be a continuum between ratinoal free will and irrational, impulsive violent behavior, with people biased to both by genetics, development, traumatic head injury, and substance abuse (among others). | |||||||||||||
{586} | |||||||||||||
Myopen amplifiers & analog/digital filters & NLMS are working properly! Below, a recording from my deltiod as I held my arm up: (only one EMG channel active, ground was my knee)) Yellow traces are raw inputs from ADC, blue are the output from the IIR / adaptive filters; hence, you only see 8 of the 16 channels. Read from bottom to top (need a -1 in some opengl matrix somewhere...) Below, the system with no input except for free wires attached to one channel (and picking up ambient noise). For this channel, NLMS could not remove the square wave - too many harmonics - but for all other channels the algorthim properly removes 60hz interference :) Now, let me clean this EEG paste off my shoulder & leg ;) | |||||||||||||
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Outline: The goal is to use a nRF24L01 to make an asymmetrical, bidirectional link. The outgoing bandwidth should be maximized, ~1.5mbps, and the incoming bandwidth can be much smaller, ~17kbps, though on both channels we want guaranteed latency, < 4ms for the outgoing data, and < 10ms for the incoming data. Furthermore, the processor that is being used to run this, a blackfin BF532, does not seem to play well when both SPI DMA is enabled and most CPU time is being spent in SPORT ISR reading samples & processing them. Fortunately, the SPI port and SPORT can be run synchronously (provided the SPI port is clocked fast enough), allowing the processor to run one 'thread' e.g. no interrupts. It seem that with high-priority interrupts, the DMA engine is not able to service the SPI perfectly, and without DMA, data comes out of the SPI in drips and drabs, and cannot keep the radio's fifo full. Hence, must program a synchronous radio controller, where states are stored in variables and not in the program counter (PC register, saved upon interrupt, etc). As in other postings on the nRF24L01, the plan is to keep the transmit fifo full for most of the 4ms allowed by the free-running pll, then transition back into either standby-I mode, or send a status packet. The status packet is always acknowledged by the primary receiver with a command packet, and this allows both synchronization and incoming bandwidth. Therefore, there are 4 classes of transfers:
screenshot of the derived code working (yea, my USB logic analyzer only runs on windows..yeck): old versions: | |||||||||||||
{478} | |||||||||||||
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http://www.dspguide.com/ch34.htm -- awesome!! | |||||||||||||
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PMID-17235126[0] Restoration of normal motor control in Parkinson's disease during REM sleep.
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{487} | |||||||||||||
here is the final, concluding, email i sent to nordic semiconductor concerning my 'troubles' with their chip. I post it here in hopes that it may help somebody else out there via the magic of the internet. See {485} for the development of the mode-switch solution (2) and {484} for the dropped packet investigation. Hi xxx, Ok, i figured out both of my problems:
As a result, I'm getting 99.99 % reliability on bidirectional bandwidth of 1.39mbps PTX->PRX and 18.3kbps PRX->PTX. So, I'm a happy person :) :) Hence, I don't have to try another radio solution. Just wanted to pass the information along in case it would help your other customers. cheers, Tim Hanson | |||||||||||||
{485} | |||||||||||||
Problem: switching modes on the nordic radios. see also {486}
solution-
present performance: txed packets = 118513 rxed packets = 118218 (note: computer has seen 118512 packets ) (and 118414 status packets, ratio: 0.999165 ) (note: 'stage ratio 0.997511 )(this includes code validation) now, if i boost the SPI clock on the bridge up to 5 mhz (headstage clock still running at 8.25mhz) to eliminate race-case (?) & add in 16 data packets before the status packets, perfection: txed packets = 44151 rxed packets = 44151 (note: computer has seen 750583 packets ) (and 44152 status packets, ratio: 1.000023 ) (note: 'stage ratio 1.000000 )after adding separate counters for TXed status and TXed data packets: txed packets = 808640 rxed packets = 50538 txed status packets = 50540 (note: computer has seen 808639 packets, ratio : 0.999999 ) (and 50540 status packets, ratio: 1.000000 ) (note: 'stage ratio 0.999960 )yay!! almost no dropped packets!! This equates to :
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{486} | |||||||||||||
here is an email I wrote to nordic semiconductor technical support concerning switching reception/transmission modes. see also {487} & {485} Hello, I've been having problems with switching modes on the nRF24L01. I want to implement a asymmetric bidirectional link, where there is a periodic (every ~36ms) time when the primary transmitter sends a status packet, then listens for a 32-byte command packet from the primary receiver. The command packet is for conveying configuration information, etc. I am driving both radios with blackfin DSPs using the built-in SPI port @ 4mhz, and am very careful with the CSN signal. The shock-burst feature is not enabled. Unidirectional transfer works great - I get nearly 0% dropped packets when the primary transmitter & receiver never change modes, up to a rate of about 1.5mbps. Of course, I am careful not to let the radio stay in TX mode for more than 4 ms - every 3ms i give it a 'break' by de-asserting CE. But bidirectional does not work reliably. Here is my procedure, on the primary transmitter side, for sending a status packet then changing from TX to RX & back to TX, with the initial condition that CE is asserted:
The process on the primary receiver is basically the same, but inverted. Upon receiving a packet of the correct type, it switches to transmit mode, sends off a packet, waits for the TX_DS interrupt, and switches back to RX mode. Like I said, when the transmitter and receiver never switch modes, the packets always get through without any corruption. When they switch roles for one packet, only ~ 78% get through, making the status packet -> command packet reply about 62% reliable. This is when the radio is only sending status packets - hence mostly it is in what the datasheet calls 'standby-II mode'. When the radio is also transmitting data packets, the status packet -> command packet relay is about 79% reliable, suggesting that the first packet after a switch from RX to TX mode is somehow being lost. Indeed, when I look at the IRQ signals on an oscilloscope, it is apparent that a certain percentage of the time the TX_DS interrupt is not followed by a RX_DR interrupt. so - what am I doing wrong??!! I'm desperate to make this work, and have tried almost every permutation! thanks, Tim Hanson | |||||||||||||
{484} | |||||||||||||
experimential results with the Nordic nRF24l01 (recall, as per {477}, that all SPI signals have an in-line 100 ohm resistor on both the headstage and bridge)
finally, it is solved!how:
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{477} | |||||||||||||
I've been having problems transmitting packets in a pipelined fashion using the nordic nRF24L01 tranciever IC. Namely, I cannot send multiple packets at once by keeping the on-chip 3-packet fifo full (note packets are 32 bytes data, max; with header/CRC, they are close to 40 bytes). If this fifo is full, the radio should remain in transmit mode - see {470}, and also {484} Above, what happens when I let the fifo go dry / empty, and force the PLL to resync for each transmitted packet, as per the following sequence:
Note just about all packets are received properly and that the RX irq closely follows the TX irq. Above, what happens when i try to pipeline transmission, e.g.
One initial theory was that noise on the SPI bus was corrupting the packets. However:
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{483} | |||||||||||||
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{470} | |||||||||||||
{475} | |||||||||||||
http://www.neuroconnex.com/ -- looks like they have some excellent products, but not sure how to purchase them.
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{363} | |||||||||||||
so, I made a script for Jesse K to download multiple files from hardm.ath.cx. eventually I'll have to improve this - automake directories, etc. whatever, it works! #!/usr/bin/perl $narg = $#ARGV + 1; if( $narg ne 1 ){ print "please specify the URL on the command line \n"; }else{ $source = $ARGV[0]; $command = "curl " . $source; print $command . "\n"; $page = `$command`; print $page; while( $page =~ /<a href=([^>]+)>/gs ){ print "found link: " . $1 . "\n"; $link = $1; if( $link =~ /.mp3/ ){ $command = "wget " . $source . $link; print $command . "\n"; `$command`; } } } (as for all the different versions of this file, I used the entry to test & fix embedding \n and \t in the document & escaping them whem passing to mysql. current strategy is to convert the chars to HTML encodings - e.g. \ -> \ ) | |||||||||||||
{444} | |||||||||||||
nordic semi links: here is the connection list for the nRF24L01 module made by sparkfunelectronics
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{382} | |||||||||||||
a while ago I made a custom keyboard for myself - something like the frogPad chording keyboard, but more suitable for programming. Here is the image i made for myself to learn the layout. Upon testing, however, it seems that those scribbly marks on the paper had some import - this is the present layout, as re-drawn in inkscape. Presumably this second iteration is better? | |||||||||||||
{371} | |||||||||||||
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{354} | |||||||||||||
____References____ | |||||||||||||
{32} | |||||||||||||
http://www.ixo.de/info/usb_jtag/ open source USB Jtag adapter, works with dragon (I think!) | |||||||||||||
{257} | |||||||||||||
PMID-9502820[] Neuronal signals in the monkey ventral striatum related to progress through a predictable series of trials
____References____ | |||||||||||||
{23} |
ref: Vyssotski-2006.02
tags: neurologger neural_recording recording_technology EEG SUA LFP electrical engineering
date: 02-05-2007 06:21 gmt
revision:6
[5] [4] [3] [2] [1] [0] [head]
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PMID-16236777[0] Miniature neurologgers for flying pigeons: multichannel EEG and action and field potentials in combination with GPS recording. Recording neuronal activity of animals moving through their natural habitat is difficult to achieve by means of conventional radiotelemetry. This illustration shows a new approach, exemplified by a homing pigeon carrying both a small GPS path recorder and a miniaturized action and field potential logger (“neurologgerâ€), the entire assembly weighing maximally 35 g, a load carried easily by a pigeon over a distance of up to 50 km. Before release at a distant location, the devices are activated and store both positional and neuronal activity data during the entire flight. On return to the loft, all data are downloaded and can be analyzed using software for path analysis and electrical brain activity. Thus single unit activity or EEG patterns can be matched to the flight path superimposed on topographical maps. Such neurologgers may also be useful for a variety of studies using unrestrained laboratory animals in different environments or test apparatuses. The prototype on the hand-held pigeon records and stores EEG simultaneously from eight channels up to 47 h, or single unit activity from two channels during 9 h, but the number of channels can be increased without much gain in weight by sandwiching several of these devices. Further miniaturization can be expected. For details, see Vyssotski AL, Serkov AN, Itskov PM, Dell Omo G, Latanov AV, Wolfer DP, and Lipp H-P. Miniature neurologgers for flying pigeons: multichannel EEG and action and field potentials in combination with GPS recording. [1] ____References____ | |||||||||||||
{105} | |||||||||||||
{108} | |||||||||||||
http://www.berndporr.me.uk/iso3_sab/
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{117} | |||||||||||||
PMID-11160530 Context Dependency in the Globus Pallidus Internal Segment During Targeted Arm Movements
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{9} | |||||||||||||
65mm/74a. cheap, slides well, wears out quickly (which is somewhat compensated by the cheap aspect). apparently requires a 11mm spacer, according to this site (which also seems to have no way of ordering / no stock). Can't find 11mm, going with 10.3mm steel spacer, we'll see how it works. (recall the krypto classics use an 8mm spacer).
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{64} |
ref: bookmark-0
tags: neural_recording recording_technology electrical engineering DSP
date: 0-0-2006 0:0
revision:0
[head]
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