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{1526} |
ref: -0
tags: neuronal assemblies maass hebbian plasticity simulation austria fMRI
date: 02-23-2021 18:49 gmt
revision:1
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PMID-32381648 A model for structured information representation in neural networks in the brain
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{1534} | |||||
Going in circles is the way forward: the role of recurrence in visual inference I think the best part of this article are the references -- a nicely complete listing of, well, the current opinion in Neurobiology! (Note that this issue is edited by our own Karel Svoboda, hence there are a good number of Janelians in the author list..) The gestalt of the review is that deep neural networks need to be recurrent, not purely feed-forward. This results in savings in overall network size, and increase in the achievable computational complexity, perhaps via the incorporation of priors and temporal-spatial information. All this again makes perfect sense and matches my sense of prevailing opinion. Of course, we are left wanting more: all this recurrence ought to be structured in some way. To me, a rather naive way of thinking about it is that feed-forward layers cause weak activations, which are 'amplified' or 'selected for' in downstream neurons. These neurons proximally code for 'causes' or local reasons, based on the supported hypothesis that the brain has a good temporal-spatial model of the visuo-motor world. The causes then can either explain away the visual input, leading to balanced E-I, or fail to explain it, in which the excess activity is either rectified by engaging more circuits or engaging synaptic plasticity. A critical part of this hypothesis is some degree of binding / disentanglement / spatio-temporal re-assignment. While not all models of computation require registers / variables -- RNNs are Turning-complete, e.g., I remain stuck on the idea that, to explain phenomenological experience and practical cognition, the brain much have some means of 'binding'. A reasonable place to look is the apical tuft dendrites, which are capable of storing temporary state (calcium spikes, NMDA spikes), undergo rapid synaptic plasticity, and are so dense that they can reasonably store the outer-product space of binding. There is mounting evidence for apical tufts working independently / in parallel is investigations of high-gamma in ECoG: PMID-32851172 Dissociation of broadband high-frequency activity and neuronal firing in the neocortex. "High gamma" shows little correlation with MUA when you differentiate early-deep and late-superficial responses, "consistent with the view it reflects dendritic processing separable from local neuronal firing" | |||||
{1530} |
ref: -2017
tags: deep neuroevolution jeff clune Uber genetic algorithms
date: 02-18-2021 18:27 gmt
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Deep Neuroevolution: genetic algorithms are a competitive alternative for training deep neural networks for reinforcement learning* Uber AI labs; Jeff Clune.
The result is indeed surprising, but it also feels lazy -- the total effort or information that they put into writing the actual algorithm is small; as mentioned in the introduction, this is a case of old algorithms with modern levels of compute. Analogously, compare Go-Explore, also by Uber AI labs, vs Agent57 by DeepMind; the Agent57 paper blithely dismisses the otherwise breathless Go-Explore result as feature engineering and unrealistic free backtracking / game-resetting (which is true..) It's strange that they did not incorporate crossover aka recombination, as David MacKay clearly shows that recombination allows for much higher mutation rates and much better transmission of information through a population. (Chapter 'Why have sex'). They also perhaps more reasonably omit developmental encoding, where network weights are tied or controlled through development, again in an analogy to biology. A better solution, as they point out, would be some sort of hybrid GA / ES / A3C system which used both gradient-based tuning, random stochastic gradient-based exploration, and straight genetic optimization, possibly all in parallel, with global selection as the umbrella. They mention this, but to my current knowledge this has not been done. | |||||
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PMID-29123069 A neural algorithm for a fundamental computing problem
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PMID-25258080 A critical time window for dopamine actions on the structural plasticity of dendritic spines
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PMID-17021028[0] Correlations Between the Same Motor Cortex Cells and Arm Muscles During a Trained Task, Free Behavior, and Natural Sleep in the Macaque Monkey
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PMID-31495645 Can One Concurrently Record Electrical Spikes from Every Neuron in a Mammalian Brain?
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{1472} |
ref: -0
tags: computational neuroscience opinion tony zador konrad kording lillicrap
date: 07-30-2019 21:04 gmt
revision:0
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Two papers out recently in Arxive and Biorxiv:
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Large-Scale Optical Neural Networks based on Photoelectric Multiplication
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{1467} |
ref: -2017
tags: neuromorphic optical computing nanophotonics
date: 06-17-2019 14:46 gmt
revision:5
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Progress in neuromorphic photonics
See also :
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Nanoelectronic Programmable Synapses Based on Phase Change Materials for Brain-Inspired Computing
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{1445} |
ref: -2018
tags: cortex layer martinotti interneuron somatostatin S1 V1 morphology cell type morphological recovery patch seq
date: 03-06-2019 02:51 gmt
revision:3
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{1444} |
ref: -2012
tags: parvalbumin interneurons V1 perceptual discrimination mice
date: 03-06-2019 01:46 gmt
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PMID-22878719 Activation of specific interneurons improves V1 feature selectivity and visual perception
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PMID-27225074 Somatostatin-expressing neurons in cortical networks.
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PMID-27256971 Multisite electrophysiological recordings by self-assembled loose-patch-like junctions between cultured hippocampal neurons and mushroom-shaped microelectrodes.
PMID-23380931 Multi-electrode array technologies for neuroscience and cardiology
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PMID-18672003[0] Neurotrophic electrode: method of assembly and implantation into human motor speech cortex.
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PMID-9237542 Activity of single action potentials in monkey motor cortex during long-term task learning. Kennedy PR1, Bakay RA.'''
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{1260} |
ref: -0
tags: DBS parkinsons dystonia review neurosurgery
date: 10-05-2013 22:33 gmt
revision:0
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PMID-17848864 Deep brain stimulation
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PLoS One: PMID-23251670 Ultra-Bright and -Stable Red and Near-Infrared Squaraine Fluorophores for In Vivo Two-Photon Imaging
PMID-22056675 A gene-fusion strategy for stoichiometric and co-localized expression of light-gated membrane proteins
PMID-22056675 Substantial Generalization of Sensorimotor Learning from Bilateral to Unilateral Movement Conditions
PMID-23408972 Credit Assignment during Movement Reinforcement Learning
PMID-23382796 Visuomotor Learning Enhanced by Augmenting Instantaneous Trajectory Error Feedback during Reaching
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0054771 Flexible Switching of Feedback Control Mechanisms Allows for Learning of Different Task Dynamics
PMID-23365648 Recognizing Sights, Smells, and Sounds with Gnostic Fields
PMID-23300606 Decoding Hindlimb Movement for a Brain Machine Interface after a Complete Spinal Transection
Journal of Neural Engineering: PMID-23449002 Model-based rational feedback controller design for closed-loop deep brain stimulation of Parkinson's disease.
PMID-23428966 Improving brain-machine interface performance by decoding intended future movements.
PMID-23428937 An implantable wireless neural interface for recording cortical circuit dynamics in moving primates.
PMID-23428877 Local-learning-based neuron selection for grasping gesture prediction in motor brain machine interfaces.
PMID-22954906 Sparse decoding of multiple spike trains for brain-machine interfaces.
PMID-23010756 Comprehensive characterization and failure modes of tungsten microwire arrays in chronic neural implants.
PMID-23283391 Performance of conducting polymer electrodes for stimulating neuroprosthetics.
PMID-23160018 Properties and application of a multichannel integrated circuit for low-artifact, patterned electrical stimulation of neural tissue.
Nature Methods: PMID-23524393 Whole-brain functional imaging at cellular resolution using light-sheet microscopy
PMID-23142873 Two-photon optogenetics of dendritic spines and neural circuits
Nanowires, useful for Flip's idea.
Of personal interest: Richardson-Lucy (RL) deconvolution for sub-diffraction limit imaging. http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0056624 Collaborative Filtering for Brain-Computer Interaction Using Transfer Learning
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0055518 Brain Training Game Boosts Executive Functions, Working Memory and Processing
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0061390 Cognitive Training Improves Sleep Quality and Cognitive Function among Older Adults with Insomnia
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0054402 Perceived Multi-Tasking Ability, Impulsivity, and Sensation Seeking
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0052500 Learning and Long-Term Retention of Large-Scale Artificial Languages
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0052042 Non-Hebbian Learning Implementation in Light-Controlled Resistive Memory Devices
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0058284 Attractor Metabolic Networks
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0059196 Prenatal Exposure to a Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Congener Influences Fixation Duration on Biological Motion at 4-Months-Old: A Preliminary Study
http://www.plosone.org/article/info%3Adoi%2F10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0060437 Hunger in the Absence of Caloric Restriction Improves Cognition and Attenuates Alzheimer's Disease Pathology in a Mouse Model
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PMID-18842415[0] Transient hemiballism caused by a small lesion of the subthalamic nucleus.
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PMID-19621062 Emergence of a stable cortical map for neuroprosthetic control.
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PMID-10896186[] Direct control of a computer from the human central nervous system
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PMID-7409057[0] Operant control of precentral neurons: comparison of fast and slow pyramidal tract neurons.
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http://infinite-interface.net/ -- a neuroscientist at University of Southern California. Many thoughtful, informative posts. | |||||
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from the Scientific American:
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PMID-11240278[0] Functions of mammalian spinal interneurons during movement
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{941} |
ref: Penfield-1937
tags: Penfield 1937 motor cortex stimulation ICMS human neurosurgery electrodes
date: 01-03-2012 22:08 gmt
revision:3
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No PMID / bibtex penfield-1937. Somatic motor and sensory representation in the cerebral cortex of man as studied by electrical stimulation
The account of Bartholow (1874) is interesting to say the least and may be cited. His patient was a 30-year old-domestic. As an infant this unfortunate had chanced to fall into the fire, burning her scalp so badly that " hair was never reproduced." A piece of whale bone in the wig she was forced to wear irritated the scarred scalp and, by her statement, three months before she was admitted, an ulcer appeared. When she presented herself for relief, this had eroded the skull over a space 2 in. in diameter " where the pulsations of the brain are plainly seen." Although " rather feeble-minded " Bartholow observed that Mary returned replies to all questions and no sensory or motor loss could be made out in spite of the fact that brain substance apparently had been injured in the process of evacuation of pus from the infected area. The doctor believed, therefore, that fine insulated needles could be introduced without further damage. While the electrodes were in the right side Bartholow decided to try the effect of more current. ' Her countenance exhibited great distress and she began to cry. Very soon the left hand was extended as if in the act of taking hold of some object in front of her; the arm presently was agitated with clonic spasms ; her eyes became fixed with pupils widely dilated ; the lips were blue and she frothed at the mouth ; her breathing became stertorous, she lost conscious-ness and was violently convulsed on the left side. This convulsion lasted for five minutes and was succeeded by coma. She returned to consciousness in twenty minutes from the beginning of the attack and complained of some weakness and vertigo." Three days after this stimulation, following a series of right-sided seizures, the patient died.
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PMID-20705858[0] Three-Dimensional, Flexible Nanoscale Field-Effect Transistors as Localized Bioprobes
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IEEE-1351853 (pdf) Development of integrated circuits for readout of microelectrode arrays to image neuronal activity in live retinal tissue
____References____ Dabrowski, W. and Grybos, P. and Hottowy, P. and Skoczen, A. and Swientek, K. and Bezayiff, N. and Grillo, A.A. and Kachiguine, S. and Litke, A.M. and Sher, A. Nuclear Science Symposium Conference Record, 2003 IEEE 2 956 - 960 Vol.2 (2003) | |||||
{224} |
ref: notes-0
tags: k-means clustering neurophysiology sorting
date: 01-03-2012 06:51 gmt
revision:1
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k-means is easy! % i want to do the k-means alg. v = [x y]; nc = 7; dim = cols(v); n = rows(v); cent = rand(nc,dim); d = zeros(n, nc); for k = (1:500) for s = 1:nc d(:,s) = sqrt(sum((v - rvecrep(cent(s, :), n)).^2,2)); end % select the smallest [nada, g] = min(d'); g = g'; for s = 1:nc if(numel(find(g==s)) > 0) cent(s, :) = mean(v(g==s, :)); end end end real data from clementine: | |||||
{928} |
ref: Kennedy-1989.09
tags: Kennedy neurotrophic electrode recording fabrication 1989 electrophysiology
date: 01-03-2012 03:21 gmt
revision:2
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PMID-2796391[0] The cone electrode: a long-term electrode that records from neurites grown onto its recording surface.
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PMID-21880826[0] http://cshprotocols.cshlp.org/content/2011/9/pdb.prot065474.full?rss=1
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{968} |
ref: Bassett-2009.07
tags: Weinberger congnitive efficiency beta band neuroimagaing EEG task performance optimization network size effort
date: 12-28-2011 20:39 gmt
revision:1
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PMID-19564605[0] Cognitive fitness of cost-efficient brain functional networks.
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PMID-16835359[0] Direct and indirect activation of cortical neurons by electrical microstimulation.
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PMID-20011034[0] A Wireless Brain-Machine Interface for Real-Time Speech Synthesis
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{267} |
ref: Kennedy-1992.08
tags: BMI Kennedy cone electrode electrophysiology recording neurotrophic
date: 12-17-2011 01:00 gmt
revision:1
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PMID-1407726[] The cone electrode: ultrastructural studies following long-term recording in rat and monkey cortex
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follow up paper: http://spikelab.jbpierce.org/Publications/LaubachEMBS2003.pdf
____References____ Laubach, M. and Arieh, Y. and Luczak, A. and Oh, J. and Xu, Y. Bioengineering Conference, 2003 IEEE 29th Annual, Proceedings of 17 - 18 (2003.03) | |||||
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PMID-4399123[0] The connexions of the striatum and globus pallidus: synthesis and speculation. !! great figures, great synthesis !!
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PMID-6772272 Operant control of precentral neurons: bilateral single unit conditioning.
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{896} |
ref: Friston-2002.1
tags: neuroscience philosophy feedback top-down sensory integration inference
date: 10-25-2011 23:24 gmt
revision:0
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PMID-12450490 Functional integration and inference in the brain
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PMID-11411161[0] The anterior cingulate cortex. The evolution of an interface between emotion and cognition
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{634} |
ref: RAzsa-2008.01
tags: nAChR nicotinic acetylchoine receptor interneurons backpropagating LTP hippocampus
date: 10-08-2008 17:37 gmt
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PMID-18215234[0] Dendritic nicotinic receptors modulate backpropagating action potentials and long-term plasticity of interneurons.
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PMID-15588812[0] Tools for the body schema See also PMID-8951846[1] Coding of modified body schema during tool use by macaque postcentral neurones. ____References____ | |||||
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PMID-15811234[] Mirror Neurons Responding to Observation of Actions Made with Tools in Monkey Ventral Premotor Cortex
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{23} |
ref: Vyssotski-2006.02
tags: neurologger neural_recording recording_technology EEG SUA LFP electrical engineering
date: 02-05-2007 06:21 gmt
revision:6
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PMID-16236777[0] Miniature neurologgers for flying pigeons: multichannel EEG and action and field potentials in combination with GPS recording. Recording neuronal activity of animals moving through their natural habitat is difficult to achieve by means of conventional radiotelemetry. This illustration shows a new approach, exemplified by a homing pigeon carrying both a small GPS path recorder and a miniaturized action and field potential logger (“neurologgerâ€), the entire assembly weighing maximally 35 g, a load carried easily by a pigeon over a distance of up to 50 km. Before release at a distant location, the devices are activated and store both positional and neuronal activity data during the entire flight. On return to the loft, all data are downloaded and can be analyzed using software for path analysis and electrical brain activity. Thus single unit activity or EEG patterns can be matched to the flight path superimposed on topographical maps. Such neurologgers may also be useful for a variety of studies using unrestrained laboratory animals in different environments or test apparatuses. The prototype on the hand-held pigeon records and stores EEG simultaneously from eight channels up to 47 h, or single unit activity from two channels during 9 h, but the number of channels can be increased without much gain in weight by sandwiching several of these devices. Further miniaturization can be expected. For details, see Vyssotski AL, Serkov AN, Itskov PM, Dell Omo G, Latanov AV, Wolfer DP, and Lipp H-P. Miniature neurologgers for flying pigeons: multichannel EEG and action and field potentials in combination with GPS recording. [1] ____References____ | |||||
{193} |
ref: Di-1994.06
tags: dopamine NMDA striatum globus_pallidus ion_channels neurotransmitters
date: 0-0-2007 0:0
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PMID-7521083 Modulatory functions of neurotransmitters in the striatum: ACh/dopamine/NMDA interactions.
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spindle neurons are found in the insular cortex as well as the anterior cingulate cortex, but only, apparently, in great apes. Activity in the insular cortex has been found to be correlated to feeling empathy. | |||||
{128} |
ref: bookmark-0
tags: neuroanatomy pulvinar thalamus superior colliculus image gray brainstem
date: 0-0-2007 0:0
revision:0
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Gray719.png --great, very useful! | |||||
{127} |
ref: bookmark-0
tags: thalamus basal ganglia neuroanatomy centromedian red nucleus images
date: 0-0-2007 0:0
revision:0
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http://www.neuroanatomy.wisc.edu/coro97/contents.htm --coronal sections through the thalamus, very nice! | |||||
{70} |
ref: notes, bookmark-0
tags: spikes action_potentials neurons subthreshold depolarization c.elegans
date: 0-0-2006 0:0
revision:0
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"Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity" http://www.nature.com/neuro/journal/v8/n9/full/nn1525.html what they did:
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