the organization of the human triphasic EMG control sequence:
- PMID-2329356[0] Movement-related phasic muscle activation. II. Generation and functional role of the triphasic pattern.
- PMID-8989378[1]
- PMID-1629754[2]
- PMID-2230915[3]
- PMID-2329365[4]
- PMID-2769335[5]
- PMID-2769334[6]
- PMID-3622686[7] Trajectory control in targeted force impulses. I. Role of opposing muscles.
- Our findings emphasize that neuronal commands to opposing muscles acting at a joint must be adapted to constraints imposed by the properties of the neuromuscular plant.
- PMID-10085332[8] Intersegmental dynamics are controlled by sequential anticipatory, error correction, and postural mechanisms.
- frictionless air-jet system, rapid movements, inertia perturbation via masses on the joints, surprise trials.
- surprise trials were well predicted by an open-loop feedforward controller.
- there was feedback compensation upon return-to-center: it is not all feedforward (of course!)
____References____
[0] Cooke JD, Brown SH, Movement-related phasic muscle activation. II. Generation and functional role of the triphasic pattern.J Neurophysiol 63:3, 465-72 (1990 Mar)
[1] Almeida GL, Hong DA, Corcos D, Gottlieb GL, Organizing principles for voluntary movement: extending single-joint rules.J Neurophysiol 74:4, 1374-81 (1995 Oct)
[2] Gottlieb GL, Latash ML, Corcos DM, Liubinskas TJ, Agarwal GC, Organizing principles for single joint movements: V. Agonist-antagonist interactions.J Neurophysiol 67:6, 1417-27 (1992 Jun)
[3] Corcos DM, Agarwal GC, Flaherty BP, Gottlieb GL, Organizing principles for single-joint movements. IV. Implications for isometric contractions.J Neurophysiol 64:3, 1033-42 (1990 Sep)
[4] Gottlieb GL, Corcos DM, Agarwal GC, Latash ML, Organizing principles for single joint movements. III. Speed-insensitive strategy as a default.J Neurophysiol 63:3, 625-36 (1990 Mar)
[5] Corcos DM, Gottlieb GL, Agarwal GC, Organizing principles for single-joint movements. II. A speed-sensitive strategy.J Neurophysiol 62:2, 358-68 (1989 Aug)
[6] Gottlieb GL, Corcos DM, Agarwal GC, Organizing principles for single-joint movements. I. A speed-insensitive strategy.J Neurophysiol 62:2, 342-57 (1989 Aug)
[7] Ghez C, Gordon J, Trajectory control in targeted force impulses. I. Role of opposing muscles.Exp Brain Res 67:2, 225-40 (1987)
[8] Sainburg RL, Ghez C, Kalakanis D, Intersegmental dynamics are controlled by sequential anticipatory, error correction, and postural mechanisms.J Neurophysiol 81:3, 1045-56 (1999 Mar)
[9] Seidler RD, Noll DC, Chintalapati P, Bilateral basal ganglia activation associated with sensorimotor adaptation.Exp Brain Res 175:3, 544-55 (2006 Nov)
|